 Wysłany: Pon 4:17, 18 Kwi 2011 Temat postu: China's current |
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| China's current
Abstract: This paper points out China's current agriculture, rural areas and farmers, the main problems and future levels of government China is a big agricultural country, agriculture is an important basic industry of national economy. Since liberation, our successive governments have attached great importance to agricultural development, after 50 years of hard work the community has made remarkable achievements in just less than 7% of the world's arable land raising nearly a quarter of the world's population. Especially since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Party, the party's work focus to socialist modernization, the party took the lead in economic restructuring in rural areas, the implementation of the household contract responsibility system, represented by a series of economic reforms policies to adjust the organizational form of agricultural production, improving agricultural production structure and product structure, greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of the peasant masses, the liberation of agricultural productivity, increased production of grain and other agricultural products, and gradually alleviate and eradicate the China's grain and other agricultural products have been in short supply situation, an increase of their income, improve the living standards of urban and rural people, for the sustained and steady development of China's national economy has laid a foundation for the economic reforms in other areas of China provides a very valuable experience. China is still in primary stage of socialism, the level of productivity is relatively low, it can not meet the national economic development and people's growing material and cultural needs, the conflicts for a long time in the future remain the principal contradiction in our society. China is now in from the traditional planned economy to a socialist market economic system transition, a number of economic policies can not be the complete set, co-ordination. Therefore, in recent years, with the further development of our national economy, further deepening of economic reform, agriculture, rural areas and farmers in economic development have encountered some new problems, some new situation, these issues should lead to the party and at all levels Government attaches great importance to be solved step by step, otherwise it will affect the sustainable development of China's rural economy, and even affect the long-term stability of our society. Sum up, our current significant reduction in acreage. Recent years, appeared in China's agricultural land area and substantial reduction in crop acreage situation, summed up mainly in the following three reasons: first, in recent years , our government in order to protect the ecological environment, returning farmland to forest and pasture actively pursuing policies such as ecological restoration, resulting in some areas of significant reduction in crop acreage; secondly, because of China's national economic development and people's needs, the new occupied by a large number of cultivated land for construction; The third is engaged in agricultural production due to the current benefits available to a very modest, affecting some farmers engaged in agricultural production initiative, a relatively affluent area of some farmers take the initiative to withdraw from agricultural production, resulting in no less arable land fallow, reducing crop acreage. 2, short-term crop yield is difficult to have a big breakthrough. Crop yields will be affected by soil conditions, fertilizer merits, irrigation, Zizhong quality, field management, climatic conditions, agricultural technology and natural disasters. Present, significantly less than in most parts of rural farm manure, long-term use of chemical fertilizers caused a large area of land compaction, soil degradation, is not conducive to crop growth. Period of communes rely on the collective strength of irrigating the number of farm irrigation facilities and water conservancy construction project, due to years of neglect of maintenance and management, and its function has been weakened or even disappeared, difficult in the current play an important role in agricultural production. Farmer is currently the subject of agricultural production, agricultural production in China is the main form of organization, a lack of an independent irrigating farmers the ability to scale irrigation facilities. Therefore, China's agricultural irrigation in some areas has deteriorated, not improved in the short term. In our relatively affluent southeast coastal areas, agricultural income in the proportion of household income getting smaller and smaller, agricultural income is no longer the main income of local farmers sources, some farmers on the crop field management is no longer left as they are fine, the yield of crops caused some negative impact. China's current agricultural production technology has been relatively stable in most parts, in the short term, be a big breakthrough, coupled with new technology will encounter many obstacles, so the short term Crop yields depend on agricultural production technology is difficult to be as. Due to El Nino and the greenhouse effect, China's severe weather has increased in recent years, China's current loose-family-style organization of agriculture decreased to some extent disaster prevention and relief of our agricultural capacity. So we can think in the short term yields of agricultural crops is difficult to have a big breakthrough. 3, agricultural production has gradually decreased. The cultivated area and the substantial reduction in crop acreage in the short term yields of crops and difficult to break greater, so the total output of agricultural products will be gradually decreased. According to statistics from related departments of the government since 1999, China's grain production overall downward trend. In 2000 grain output in 2001 to cut production, rose slightly in 2002, appeared in 2003 cut. 4, a long time prices of agricultural products continued to slump. From the twentieth century began in the late nineties, by the continuing impact of supply and demand of agricultural products, China's main agricultural commodity prices continued to slump a long time, especially in food prices from 1997 Since more than 30% down, until the second half of 2003, the prices of some agricultural products have rebounded, but the current prices of major agricultural products are still not reached the price level of the last century. 5, the price of agricultural means of production and quality issues have become increasingly prominent. Present, farmers use agricultural production include seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, diesel, agricultural film, agricultural machinery and irrigation water and electricity. In recent years, the market of agricultural seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, diesel and agricultural machinery prices generally rise, increasing the cost of direct production of agricultural products. Recent years, the seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and agricultural machinery, and other major agricultural production, the quality of information is worrying, poor quality and counterfeit agricultural production materials Kēng Agricultural became a common occurrence, seriously disrupted the order of the normal agricultural production, farmers in the production and life is very bad influence. 6, the tax burden on farmers in most parts of emphasis. Present, farmers should pay the tax types, including agricultural tax and special agricultural product tax, slaughter and the Agricultural tax, special agricultural product tax, and slaughter of livestock farmers should be paying three taxes accounted for the proportion of the total amount of taxes is not large, it is also relatively around the charge specifications. But our current tax system very different urban and rural areas, farmers and workers, compared to the tax burden becomes heavier, wage income of workers only after more than 800 yuan to pay personal income tax, the threshold is relatively high, while the agricultural species zero threshold farmers unless the event of major natural disasters, serious crop of agricultural products, the Government will implement agricultural tax breaks, typically, the farmers have to pay tax according to tax laws. The Some areas of local government, village committees serious violation of state policies and regulations related, assuming a fee assessed to farmers without permission, violating the legitimate rights and interests of farmers and increased the burden on farmers. Although the central repeated demands, requires local governments to strengthen management, is strictly prohibited to the farmers there is hope, but 乱收费现象 have occurred, despite repeated prohibitions, no wonder some farmers use the China's current situation of rural taxes and fees. Collection of taxes in individual districts in the past were very irregular, in order to facilitate their collection, slaughter actually in the head by farming families to apportionment. I home there was a farmer, because of their relatively poor condition, had never married the wife, family planning alone should pay the fee to the village committee and the education surcharge, it sounds like that is very unreasonable. 7, the production cost of agricultural products has increased. Recent years, the major agricultural production materials prices, the tax burden of farmers,p90x calendar, resulting in increased production costs of agricultural products. 8, a general decline in agricultural income of farmers. Recent years, prices of major agricultural products has been sluggish, reduced agricultural production, mainly the prices of agricultural production, farmers in the tax burden, generally up said that most of China's agricultural income of farmers in general reduced. 9, non-agricultural income of farmers by the farmers on its own strength in the short term is difficult to have a larger growth. Most parts of China most of the current farmers, the farmers of non-agricultural income includes forestry income, livestock income, sideline income, fishing income, savings income and family members of migrant workers in wage income. In our current economic and technological conditions, the development of many areas of the forestry, animal husbandry, sideline production or fisheries production will be local natural conditions, climate, capital, technology and marketing environment and a series of factors, some of the short term may be made conditional larger area results. But for most parts of China most of the farmers in the short term is difficult to have a big breakthrough. Most parts of China most of the income of the farmers themselves are very modest in recent years, housing, children education and health care costs spent on high, farmers in the bank's deposit base is relatively small , and in recent years the bank deposit interest rate is very low, still need to pay interest tax, the general income of farmers is very low household savings. Compared with the reform and opening up, China's farmers has worsened the conditions of migrant workers, one is hard to find job, and second, low wages and the third is for money difficult. Peasant family through family members work outside the home to a substantial increase household income in the current social conditions is impossible. <DIV Class= |
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