 Wysłany: Wto 13:27, 19 Kwi 2011 Temat postu: Analysis of the national economy, the employment s |
|
| Analysis of various sectors of national economy, the structure of employment skills
Abstract: Analysis of the employment skills of the industry structure is to solve the problem of structural unemployment premise, the paper features according to our statistics measure constructed two indicators of employment skills, structure, and then comparative analysis of these two indicators of the national economy industry structure of employment skills and employment skills proposed to improve the structure of the countermeasures. Key words: employment skills, structure, skills measurement, SECTOR employment skills are employed to participate in social activities with the production capacity, employment skills, structure refers to the different skill levels of the workforce employed in the distribution in the ratio. Classified according to the skills of the workforce from Wood Ward into the labor force in 1887, In the current China, due to industrial restructuring and changes in production technology, a large amount of structural unemployment. On the one hand, more and more workers find workplace too little for their work; and on the other hand, the majority of employers are complaining that they need to hire technicians and more difficult. To solve this problem, the premise is to analyze the industry structure and current trends of employment skills, vocational skills development for workers in the direction specified. Employment skills classification and measure of employment skills and level of education, training how much time spent, nature and characteristics of professional and other related can be from an economic perspective and social perspective. Designated as the literature on the four skills: academic ability or cognitive ability is called; general ability; learning and use of technology; personality intelligence. The first two of which are from the economic perspective of the latter two visits from a social point of view. From the economic point of measurement based on the following four specific skills: certificate, certificate, etc.; work experience; vocational type; education. China's major workers from the economic perspective of the skills. National economy, the employment skills of the industry structure analysis (a) of the skill structure of employment related issues that exist in Statistics skill structure of employment statistics of the main problems faced by the following: First, my method for obtaining the information mainly relevant statistical reports, administrative records and sample survey questionnaire did not use too. Secondly, there is time for fault statistics. Such as This reflects the problem of structural unemployment in the face of our time, has not the skills for employment and job skill structure adequate attention. In addition, the statistical indicators in the process of continuous adjustment there fault. For example, the implementation of national industrial classification in 1984 and then in 1994, two amendments made in 2002, 2002 edition and 1994 edition in the categories and the categories of major changes have taken place, such as the 1994 version and 2002 version of the relevant industry Analysis of the merger will result in large errors. Skill structure of employment if done on time series data comparison, only 2002 as a dividing line. (B) the skill structure of employment metrics to establish Relatively speaking, China's level of education on the employment statistics are more comprehensive. Therefore, this article will constitute a level of education as a measure of job skill structure of the first indicators. In addition, more complete statistics also the number of professional and technical personnel, which mainly come under the titles found on the professional and technical personnel, and basically reflects the title of the work of employed persons in the form of skill level. Therefore, this article will be professional and technical personnel that the ratio of skilled labor as the second metric. Two indicators, the first indicator in more detail, but the two indicators taken into account the accumulation of employment skills in their work, more practical significance. (C) the skill structure of employment by Sector Analysis 1. To the educational level of employment skills structure. So far, -60 pages, pages 66-68, 2005 edition), structural characteristics of their employment skills are as follows: all academic levels in various sectors in the employment ratio of distribution trends are relatively stable, no mutations occur. In the mining, construction, transportation, warehousing and postal industries, can not read or read very little upward trend in employment rates, indicating that these industries can have a good manual to absorb effects. Reality is also true: a lot of not well-educated labor force, are working in the transportation, construction, transportation and other industries is very low threshold. Addition to the real estate industry, scientific research, technical services and geological prospecting, water conservancy, environment and public facilities management industry, education, health, social security and social welfare, culture, sports and entertainment, public administration and social organizations international organizations in these industries, the remaining workers in the industry to the highest rate of junior middle school education, that is low-skill-based. A traditional industry, animal husbandry and fishery, but the data show that in 2002-2004 not read or read very little employment and primary education the ratio of employed persons decreased year by year, college educated workers increased year by year. This is a welcome trend, indicates that with the use of modern agricultural technology and biotechnology promotion of workers, higher skill requirements. Electricity, gas and water production and supply industry, information transmission, computer services and software industry, finance, leasing and business services, culture, sports and entertainment industry employees in these industries increased year by year in the junior high school education. This indicates that employees of producer services employment skills structure does not meet industry requirements. In particular, information transmission, computer services and software industry, college, college degrees in the declining rate of employment. College students are the most dynamic and innovative groups, which make people very worried about the industry's innovation capability and future development potential. In culture, sports and entertainment, the junior high school education employees increased year after year, its share in the ratio of average annual employment growth rate as high as 2.4%; college education decreasing the proportion of average annual decline of 0.75% . Most people think that people should engage in the cultural industry has a high cultural quality, but the reality is not the case, so the skill structure of employment in this industry to be improved, should increase the introduction of highly educated personnel. In the manufacturing, junior high school education staff has gradually increased and decreased year by year a high school education officers, college and university academic staff increased year by year. China's current manufacturing needs with a large number of skilled workers, technicians and how to cultivate various types of social problems need to be solved. Relatively junior high school, high school students in the learning and use of technology has inherent advantages. The manufacturing sector absorbed more and more unskilled workers, which also conforms to a frustrating reality: enterprises generally difficult to recruit skilled workers. This is the development of modern manufacturing in China is very negative, which should be sufficient attention. In education, public administration and social organizations industry-level staff college education increased steadily year after year. This is related to their own characteristics and industry to enter this industry means career stability, higher social status and decent salaries. So many of those who are highly educated civil servants, teachers as a preferred occupation, but also confirms the recent boom in the high civil service candidates. 2. To the ratio of professional and technical personnel skill structure of employment. According to In particular, geological prospecting, water conservancy management industry, transportation, storage and communications sector,GHD glätteisen, social services, health physical education and social welfare, education, culture, arts and broadcasting, film and television industry, scientific research and comprehensive technical services, national authorities , party organs and social organizations industry, professional and technical personnel the basic annual growth rate of more than 1%. From the data since 2002, analysis of professional and technical personnel in some sectors the ratio increased slowly, even down phenomenon. Why does this happen? Adjustment may be due to the industry, large segments of the industry changes in the industry due to a difference of professional and technical personnel. If the real estate industry before 2002, including real estate development and management industry, real estate management industry, real estate agents and brokers and other industry segments. After 2002, the real estate industry including real estate development, property management, real estate services industry segments. In general, property management than the real estate management, real estate services real estate agent and brokerage industry than the required skills is low, so there are 2002 different before and after 2002 data. Social services (1994 version) and Resident Services and Other Services (2002 edition) also have this situation. Again, in accordance with the 1994 version of the industry classification, education, culture, broadcasting next, Film and Television Arts industry increased year by year the proportion of professional and technical personnel, while the 2002 version, culture, sports and entertainment year after year the proportion of professional and technical personnel decline. This is because, according to the standards of 1994, the employment sub-sectors of education sector staff employed in the industry accounted for more than 90%, resulting in a whole big industry on the rise, and in 2002 in the Education Sector as a separate economic sector, separated from the cultural industry has. (D) of the national economy compared the structure of the industry employment skills taught extent and in accordance with professional and technical personnel ratio to measure the national economy sectors, respectively, the trend of employment skills, part of the industry is basically the same, such as manufacturing education industry, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, electricity, gas and water production and supply, accommodation and catering industry (2002 edition), Scientific Research and Technical Services (1994 edition), scientific research, technical services and geological prospecting ( 2002 Edition), National Agencies, Party Agencies and Social Organizations (1994 edition), Public Management and Social Organization (2002 edition). In other words, employment in these industries master the skills in the work ability and level of education are closely related, if you want to improve the skill structure of employment in these industries can adjust the employment level of education to start. But also useful indicators measure different results in different phenomena. Such as the 1994 version and 2002 version, according to the classification, mining, construction, transportation, storage and post and telecommunications industry, the proportion of professional and technical personnel increased year by year. This shows that the ratios based on professional and technical personnel of these industries in improving the skill structure of employment. But with the level of education indicators, a college education as a highly skilled staff, mining, transportation, storage and postal industry did not show a clear rising trend. Why two indicators measure the skills structure of employment different? One big reason is because of the level of education constitute a major indicator of explicit knowledge from the point of measurement of employment skills, and professional technical staff ratios are measured from the perspective of tacit knowledge. Tacit knowledge is accumulated in the work, to work experience, know-how and other forms of knowledge presented. Explicit knowledge of these industries is not high, long-term work can be employed in the accumulation of high reserves of tacit knowledge, access to relevant professional skills certification. Two indicators measure the results are basically the opposite of the industry: leasing and business services, information transmission and computer services and software services. Improve the skill structure of employment countermeasures the analysis, we can see that some industries such as manufacturing presence in the skill structure of employment is incompatible with the development of the industry problems. This will not only hinder the development of national economy and easy to produce structural unemployment, affect social stability. To this end, the author of conditions made the following recommendations: people skills to establish a scientific concept. At present there is the age of high skilled personnel, technicians and senior technicians face interrupted the question. This phenomenon is due to the impact of the traditional concept of community re-light general vocational education, theory and practice of light weight, heavy knowledge and skills tend to very serious light, mechanics, a steady decline in actual status, which are seriously affecting skilled personnel training. Enterprise employment should be eclectic, full respect for the craft, attention skills. To strengthen the skills training of workers. This training is divided into three types: one is the implementation of the school. The second is a social organization or department-sponsored full-time vocational qualification training. The third is a business organization. Because of different industries adopt different measures of education and training, employment skills can maintain a better distribution of the structure to adapt to industry. Government should create a favorable institutional environment, the rational allocation of educational resources, increase financial input, so that education and skills training to better implementation. Development of technical education is the primary means of solving the unemployment problem, for solving the structural unemployment, it may be the only means. Government to set up vocational guidance institutions, vigorously carry out career guidance, as soon as possible to build a new, complete, for employment, labor market-oriented re-employment training system. Government should address the characteristics of different industries to implement employment permit system. Less demanding on the explicit knowledge of industry, could provide the industry a minimum number of employees in middle or high school students, and some of the explicit knowledge for better industry, explicit knowledge is necessary to establish a higher threshold to avoid education and labor idle waste of the dual situation of appears. Network Online paper www.lunwenwang.com </ A |
|
