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International textile and apparel trade liberalization in Retrospect and Prospect of the law

Paper Keywords: Retrospect and Prospect of trade liberalization in textiles and apparel trade law of the 20th century labor-intensive industries in developing countries 60 years the international textile industry

one pre-Uruguay Round liberalization of textile trade law review

textile industry is labor-intensive industries. 60's from the 20th century, gradually developing in the industry demonstrated a comparative advantage. In order to protect their own textile industries. Particularly the textile industry workers in order to avoid mass unemployment caused a crisis of confidence in the Government. United States-led group of both countries may cause Began to impose restrictions on textile imports. Lead to long-term alienation from the world's textile trade GATI 60s from the 20th century, the GATI Bilateral textile trade gradually adjust to the direction of multilateral arrangements. In the Uruguay Round,
to control its exports. The export rate should be controlled at 30 June 1961 the highest level. If the exporting country or region is not required to control its exports. Once the importing country by the market, thus disturbing ~ b (Marketdisruption). Importing countries the right to take unilateral import restrictions. The imports under the restrictions should be no less than 12 months before the average level of imports. In addition, all involved in the development Responsible for negotiating the short-term arrangements for cotton textile trade after the expiry of the long-term arrangements.
Long-term arrangement is valid for 5 years and expire after 1967, was extended until the end of 1973; in the bound on the number of Parties, the Parties bound by the long-term arrangements extended to almost all countries the textile trade; in the adjustment range , the long-term arrangements to cover not only all of the cotton textiles. It covers more than 50% of cotton textiles and clothing. However, in the textiles and clothing, Because it does not establish an effective monitoring mechanism. Long-term arrangements, and in practice has not been effectively implemented.
first and synthetic textiles and clothing; the importer shall ensure that annual growth rate of import quota of not less than 6%; the establishment of the Textiles Monitoring Body (TextilessurveillanceBody. FSB). Negative on the implementation of the agreement of your monitor and resolve disputes. Paper download

second That is The implication is: the importing countries and exporting countries in the case of an agreement, to a certain extent, to exempt part of the Multi-Fibre Arrangement and the relevant provisions of the applicable constraints. Particularly in relation to the application of quotas and export growth. For example, more than can be implemented under the Multi-Fibre Arrangement, more stringent import restrictions. Departure from this provision for the importing countries,
third It also adds an It is. . Key measures of protection under special circumstances. Even if the product is increasing imports did not exceed the quota for imports and exports both reached the scope of the original, but also allow the importer within a certain period of rapid increase in imports of the implementation of restrictive measures.
fourth The original period of August 1, 1986 to December 31, 1991. Due to the delay after the end of the Uruguay Round extended to December 31, 1994. Although the agreement for a final return of the textile trade GATY goals. However, more restrictive than the previous agreement: first. Agreement not only continued to use the term But resumed in the first three agreements were canceled In the original cotton, wool, man-made fiber products,ghd italia, added on the basis of all plant fibers, blended fibers and filaments products; again, the developed countries to limit the power of unilateral expansion of the non-importing countries in the implementation of more than 12 months of unilateral constraints later. Not subject to bilateral agreement can be unilaterally decided to extend the limit to 1 year; Finally, the importing Party shall not undertake to renounce the use of full quota.
summary, we can before the Uruguay Round of multilateral arrangements in the textile trade reached a basic understanding of the following: the textile industry of the Western developed countries, traditional industries. 50 years since the 20th century, gradually lost their traditional advantages of the industry post. To continue to seek international law Legal rules limit textile exports of developing countries. And to spare no effort to make the various restrictions put on them legitimacy. The short-term arrangements, long-term arrangements and the Multi-Fibre Arrangement is under the auspices of the GArI'r. To limit the field of textiles and clothing Its core content is to impose import quota restrictions. And such restrictions and GATr fundamentally contrary to the purposes and principles. Although these agreements for the maintenance of the field of textiles and clothing from the normal order of a certain role, but because the country imports more and more stringent restrictions. Coupled with the erosion of various bilateral agreements. The growth rate of textile exports continue to decline. It can be said in front of the Uruguay Round of multilateral arrangements and inadequate to protect textile and clothing sector in the comparative advantage of developing countries.
Second, the The Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations begin. In determining the time when the agenda of multilateral trade negotiations, the United States and other parties in return for developing countries, the field of textiles and clothing into the multilateral regulation and supervision of the track. In the Uruguay Round, reflecting the position of developing countries, Fundamentally change the jurisdiction of textiles and clothing decades-old trade system. The market-based free trade replaced the quota-based management trade. To be gradually incorporated into textiles and clothing trade into the World Trade Organization, and then for the textile and apparel trade liberalization goals of the foundation. Paper download

Its purpose is to promote
agreement concerning the general rules; into the process; anti-circumvention provisions; transitional safeguard mechanism; administration; Dispute Settlement: Applicable product range.