 Wysłany: Wto 12:55, 24 Maj 2011 Temat postu: MBT schuhe National Government Change _ Salt Manag |
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| National Government Salt Administration Changes
Keywords: War; Salt Administration; Salt Monopoly Union WWW.LWLM.COM this paper from China collected. A pre-war National Government Salt Administration to establish and change 1927 年 6 NanJing national government was set to Japanese before the outbreak of war, the Chinese Salt Administration has undergone new changes, experienced, and an administrative and audit: the main stand and to audit and audit administration attributed the final transition to a unified process. First on the audit by the Feixing. 1927 should be fun old finance minister, proposed the revocation of Salt audit all transactions from all over to, transport, or Monopolizing Games Board and Deputy Manager. There was the abolition of Yangzhou, Huaibei, Songjiang, and Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, a number of other areas. October following the charge of the Ministry of Finance Sun, the abolition of Salt Department, a separate Salt department, and called for the resumption of audit powers, separate audit of the charter, in which the total by the end of the year in Shanghai, set up a branch in the provinces are. However,MBT schuhe, he organized the audit, composed entirely of Chinese. Soong took over as finance minister in 1928, even though the State claims the right to recover, but that the audit of the ①. Soong clearly see the efficiency of the tax agency retained the value of the Central Government, therefore, he withdrew the Sun audit of the exclusion of foreigners, and in January 1929 issued a new set of auditing out of the statute , the total of the audit in Shanghai, Zhili Ministry of Finance, sequential recovery auditing across all branches of the exercise of its powers. Salt also abolished the Department of Audit Department, the tax and audit functions and powers assigned to audit the system is still in charge ②. The audit resume, and the Northern Government's audit of the comparison, there are three points worth noting: First, the total set by officials, the total run to full-time, not by the Finance Minister concurrently; Although the appointment of foreign workers will do, but to free employment, are not bank group sponsor, will run from creditors on behalf of foreign status and become employees of the Chinese government (at least nominally so), and the Northern Government The total of the ocean will do a post exclusively by the British has always been to do that Soong will be replaced by the Americans (Ge Folun) act. Second, the aftermath of tariffs paid by the borrower always already changed, and the Nanjing government was established, all the debt entirely by the Ministry of Finance is responsible for processing, in accordance with new regulations, audits and are responsible for keeping the external debt is no longer the responsibility imposed on it Salt no longer stored in foreign bank deposit instead of China or the central bank ③. Salt audit because there are these two aspects of the change in the nature of major changes will occur, that is beginning to emerge from the control of forces of foreign powers, become an integral part of the executive. Third, the functions of the audit and audit system during a practice still inherit the Northern, and has expanded its mandate. Kung audit also determined that the new constitution, despite the foreigners taking all major powers have weakened, but After the restructuring of the recovery audit, Salt greatly improved the efficiency of the system, taxes surge, is very significant. -------------- ① 17). ② See also wait-dimensional condensate: Yang Feng had ③: See also Second is to further expand Salt audit system functions. The Salt agency was still the system is based on Republic of China, Salt Salt is the highest Department of the executive, in the salt-producing areas of the salt controller or shipped to other Office deputy, under the head of the farm or field service by the Office and so on, in the sales Monopolizing salt transport locale Bureau, Bureau Governor marketing agencies. This will be the executive, audit is divided into two parts,MBT schuhe, the integration system is unknown, is not specifically mandated, the system is limited by the Department of disadvantages Salt learning, corruption, unlike the audit system has a more robust and enterprising spirit of the rules and regulations. So in August 1932, the executive director of the Ministry of Finance decided to change the act by the auditor to audit the General Office of the Director of Salt concurrently, the branch manager, auditor and the Audit Department and the Transportation Division Yun points to make, transport Deputy Secretary or Monopolizing operation. The Salt, Huainan, Liang Zhe, Songjiang, Shandong, Changlu, Fujian, Xiamen, Henan, Hunan shore, E shore, the West Bank, Anhui shore, the mouth area of the original set of 14 north to Yan Yun, Wan, vice, Monopolizing Games Board Secretary, Secretary for Governor pin, salt League Secretary and other staff, to change the district audit by Chinese nationals who act as head of the organization. Other areas are gradually re-established, still along the old system only Guangxi, Yunnan, east, Shanxi Province and Xinjiang area 5 ①. At the same time, and after several adjustments, the Salt of the anti-smuggling matters also keep a close watch by the audit. Thus, in the 1930-1935 years, the Salt audit the greatly expanded powers, all of Salt of the production, transportation, marketing, tax, Ji-five Yao Zheng, noted attributable to audit by the master ②. The so-called , both more harmonized laws, financial savings, especially more. After several years of investigation and study. Salt national government that must be unified, and in 1936-1937 between the Salt Department, Salt audit the total sequence of the abolition of its affiliated organs, inside the Ministry of Finance Salt Division, solely on the audit issues Salt,MBT schuhe, Salt separate General, the Minister made commitments, for all other national salt tax collection and Salt, and also responsible for nitrate sulfur affairs. The General Administration of home, taxation, marketing, tax police, the manager subjects, in charge of all related matters. Then, the Salt Administration, and the restructuring of power set up district boards and Salt Salt Office, the provincial transport department, deputy transported to the Department, Monopolizing operation Bureau, the Bureau of Governor marketing duties, with the exception of Yunnan, Shanxi Province, east Region 3 should temporarily be handled as usual, and the remaining districts are to take over the Authority or the office, thus, become the head of the National Salt Salt Administration of the supreme organ of authority entirely to unity for Salt ④. In addition, salt is salt distribution system, an important part of the management system. By 1931, the line of salt around the system, according to the Annual Salt audit records, 8%. a commercial system for free, Liaoning, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, new, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Fujian, Guangdong, Jilin and Chahar , Rehe, Suiyuan, Ningxia,MBT schuhe Ziyang , deputy county directional sele, Qinghai, West and other provinces of the 971 county, accounting for about 50%. one is Monopoly, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi and other provinces of the 367 counties genus, accounting for about 18%. a system for the contractor, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Fujian, Guangdong, Jilin and other provinces of the 373 county, accounting for about 20%. A marketing official public transport system, Kyrgyzstan, and the black of the 92 county of the two provinces, accounting for about 4%. an official monopoly system, only the second in Dongshan Fujian Province, Zhangpu county Yan Statistics of note to Nationwide, half of the region, especially in the remote provinces, the forces of the old merchants tend to decline, the new capitalist mode of operation to replace the traditional line of salt system. In particular the National Government in 1931 to develop and publish a new salt, Salt Reform Republic of China inherited the purpose of the ⑥, and provides that Although a variety of reasons, the new salt before the war has not been fully implemented, however, the direction of free trade has Jieming, since there are still some areas have been opened cited shore ⑧. To May 1937, the national implementation of Free Trade in the county up to 1179, accounting for about 60% of the total number of cities and counties, the implementation of Monopoly 694 counties, representing about 35%, the implementation of the official marketing system in 95 counties, representing about 5 % ⑨. Great to say, before the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War, in the salt distribution system, remains a free trade system and lead bank system and other old systems coexist. ------------ ① see the Ministry of Finance Bulletin, No. 64, showing, p. 79, the Republic of China on 1 July 22 ; Republic of the annual audit 21 years Salt. See also See Ministry of Finance ② Bulletin, 64, was, p. 79, 22 years Republic of China on July 1; Republic of the annual audit of 21 years Salt; In 24 years Salt The total of the annual audit. ③ Qin Xiaoyi editor: ④ See history file (II) VII abolished the Ministry of Finance reported to the National Salt Group established through case authority. ⑤ 20 years of the Republic of China, Yang Feng had ⑥: ⑦ ⑧ circumstances see Ding Changqing editor: Another reference, ⑨ finishing at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing historical number four thousand two hundred and nineteen words. Another argument Sum up, before the war, China's salt industry management system, after a period of consolidation of national government and reform, by the disorder, dispersed gradually unified, centralized. It should be stressed that the management system of the leading Salt causes, except for the unifying, save money, improve the consideration of factors such as Salt administration, the major political and economic situation in China and was concerned, especially with the pressure on government finances. National Government after the establishment in 1927, the main source of revenue for the central customs, salt, three major tax systems, the general income account for three-year revenue of 70-80% that year. Which accounts for the first tariff, Salt ranked second. 1931, order rates, strengthen anti-smuggling and other measures to ensure the salt tax revenue growth. In short, a unified management system of the establishment of Salt, made limited period of time to mobilize the salt resources to ensure food supply military people, real thanks to the foundation laid before the war. |
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