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the Bank of England's capital adequacy of banks attach great importance to that bank capital adequacy is the most important measure of safety factors . A measure of capital adequacy, the Bank of England base reference But the British are not a unified rate, but considering the nature of each bank's operations and characteristics, setting different capital adequacy ratio. The capital adequacy ratio of 8% in the UK is known as the
FIMS system consists of FIMS FIMS risk rating and ordered two different sets of economic modeling composition. FIMS rating is based on composite camel rating, take the integer values by 1-5 order. It is based on a recent FIMS risk was previously arranged in the same quarter two years, The system includes 30 parameters and regional economic conditions, according to the establishment of a number of additional parameters. Each parameter is a financial ratio, and with annual rates of change that, and then use the model designed by the computer to calculate the level of each parameter, the last Ping Chu comprehensive level. The system of the bank in question, the accuracy rate is very high. The results show the system by FIMS as the No. 5 bank, and finally there will be 97.7% collapse.

the implementation of the Bank of England on the banks of non-site inspection from the bank's mandate is to monitor whether standards are followed to ensure that the interests of depositors. Bank of England Supervision Bureau of the supervisory group cautious statements of various different categories will be reviewed, analysis and monitoring, the focus is to look at the Bank of England Supervision Bureau to the various types of (family) of prudent banking supervision and guidance to set whether line is broken, if close to or exceeded , reminded the commercial banks will have to pay attention and make a report and held with the bank meeting to discuss care and research measures. Bank of England is characterized by non-site inspections of each bank based on the nature, size and characteristics to determine the supervision and guidance of different business lines, which makes it more room to maneuver the regulatory authority, the flexible style of regulation has also been fully reflected. Inspection include the following:

Anglo-site inspection at the Central Bank securities investment thesis compared

[Abstract] off-site inspection supervision over the central bank one of the most basic ways. It is relative to the on-site inspection, the broad non-site inspection is defined in the way of site inspection checks than the sum of all narrow-site inspections are to submit reports on the targets to be monitored,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the data according to certain standards and procedures, objectives and principles of analysis to reveal the targets to be monitored assets and liquidity, safety and profitability. -Site inspection is to monitor the implementation of the central bank one of the most basic ways. It is relative to the on-site inspection, the broad non-site inspection is defined in the way of site inspection checks than the sum of all narrow-site inspections are to submit reports on the targets to be monitored, the data according to certain standards and procedures, objectives and principles of analysis to reveal the targets to be monitored assets and liquidity, safety and profitability. The current mode of supervision of financial institutions in the highly concentrated, complex financial system, countries have been widely adopted. This paper by introducing the United States, Britain, Japan and the three major developed countries in the case of off-site check for our improvement and improve the bank supervision system of non-site inspections provide useful lessons of experience.
a Bank of England's off-site check

the Bank of England supervision of capital adequacy ratio is usually on a quarterly basis (on the unity of banks), by six months (Group of the Bank) the bank's capital adequacy ratio and capital adequacy reporting form to carry out, but in the bank implementation of remedial plans require more frequent information, such as weekly filing. The Bank of England rate close to or below the trigger level (or target ratio) the bank will remind their attention and become the next meeting a key element of caution.

1. Liquidity supervision

(3) non-site inspection to strengthen coordination and cooperation with on-site inspection. The light of Japan's experience, off-site inspection and on-site supervision and inspection methods combine the two to complement one another, making the on-site inspection of the depth of the continuity and non-site inspections to complement each other. In the interval between site inspections in real time through the prosecution of bank-site operating conditions, and to consolidate the effects of site inspection, to maximize the efficiency of supervision.

2. Liquidity supervision

(1) to establish a unified, scientific, standardized off-site inspection system. To a unified system of bank-site inspection, all kinds of standardized reports and accounts exactly establish a scientific system of monitoring indicators, implement and monitor the table. Regulatory guidance can be set with reference to the British lines, the lowest rate with the target rate, the combination of prudence and the principle of flexibility, compliance and risk indicators combined reference and application of international regulatory practices and international accounting standards, to better adapt to China's financial reform and development.

Second, the Federal Reserve System's non-site inspection

2. Early warning systems
1. Bank of unified management and reporting

the Bank of England that a single customer, group, sector of the economy, the financial industry sector, the excess facility will be under enormous risk of the bank, and even cause serious damage or collapse. To prevent excessive concentration of risk, the main use of the Bank of England base linked to large exposures and capital reports to monitor, the risk of any single loan or a significant increase in inspections will result in an increase. Each bank should submit a quarterly basis to the large exposure of the Bank of England report, the major review of the Bank of England's capital base value and the large exposure limits are consistent with the prior identification; large plots and scale of risk is unknown whether the changes ; large banks themselves whether the risk exceeds the prescribed limit.
-site inspection of Bank of America to focus on unity, comprehensiveness, comparability and predictability of system supervision. The regulatory authorities to the use of bank inspection and supervision of a unified statement of operations, integrated business each bank the overall situation, comparing the situation of similar banks in order to determine and predict the operation of banks, the camel rating, to determine the operational supervision of banks in series, and in order to determine the need for site inspections to monitor the possibility of bank failures to maintain the overall stability of the financial industry. Off-site monitoring system in the United States and operates in the bank statements and the early warning system is the most important of the two means.

Third,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the Bank of Japan's non-site inspection
3. Follow-up monitoring after spot checks

yen basis to oversee the bank's liquidity, cash position daily forecasts confirm the reliability of the major Japanese banks on money market funds by observing the level of demand, changes in interest rates and other factors to monitor each bank's interest rate expectations and interest rate arbitrage approach, especially in the money market funds on the bank's growth is high demand for the Bank of Japan focused on-site inspection. In monitoring the foreign currency liquidity, the Bank of Japan is monitoring whether banks can accurately predict their liquidity needs and the corresponding increase in the supply of its currency; monitor whether the bank transfers of funds with other banks to establish the necessary links, or whether they hold bonds or other liquid securities to meet the emergency situation. Meanwhile, Japanese banks also monitor whether the Bank to adapt to the globalization of financial transactions, whether these banks worldwide (including all overseas agencies) to effectively control its liquidity risk.

specific monitoring measures are: the monitoring of capital adequacy ratio, the Japanese banks mainly observed bank capital and total assets, total liabilities and how the proportion of venture capital. When the ratio of less than the required ratio and reduce the proportion of the cases occurred, the Bank of Japan will take necessary measures in time to intervene. Monitoring of asset quality in the Bank of Japan, the main observation of the assets of private banks are owed interest on loans, overdue loans, bad debts and loss of possession of assets, the proportion of how to determine the level of asset quality. Monitoring of income on the Bank of Japan on the one hand by calculating the return on assets, measured by the number of bank profitability levels, on the other hand by analyzing the sources of income from normal operations and accident to determine the ratio is the number of opportunities to assess bank earnings quality.
3. Large risk monitoring

Bank of Japan attaches great importance to the non-site inspections of banks to monitor the overall business activities, it is to examine bank's annual operating strategy; to adapt to the financial liberalization measures, including banking institutions to set and adjust the internal; international development; new businesses to open up and off-balance sheet transactions; meet capital adequacy standards for the measures taken.

four on-site inspection of the Central Bank of Revelation
(2) establish a database off-site monitoring, information sharing, different emphases. Can be established as the United States off-site monitoring as a central database and share information. By the various functional departments of the People's Bank of China with professional monitoring indicators and reporting requirements, the financial statistics department of the development and collection,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and through computer processing, transportation to the various functional departments, reduce duplication of reporting banks drawbacks and improve the efficiency of non-site inspections to ensure information integrity.

the U.S. early warning system has been several transformations, the 20th century, early 70s, the Federal Reserve System is based on quarterly earnings reports for each bank to review the financial ratios, and monitor the financial health of banks. In order to improve monitoring methods, to the mid-80s, the Federal Reserve a In 1993 it was
the Bank of England for liquidity gap through the establishment of mobility guide line to be monitored. It is based on individual bank deposits, assets, management and support the ability of the parent bank established to guide the different lines, and submitted to the pound and based on quarterly reports of non-sterling liquidity to check whether the bank over the liquidity of the Bank of England to give guidance line standard. If more than the Bank of England would require the banks to provide more, if necessary, also provide daily report and explain the reasons and extent.
1. Capital adequacy supervision

In practice, the Bank of Japan's non-site inspection is also on-site inspection of the banking problems in the timely and proper corrective treatment is follow-up inspection and supervision, including on-site supervision of banks dealing with deteriorating assets, whether the provisions and requirements have been dealt with; to the lack of risk management, whether to strengthen the organizational system of risk management and effective control mechanism, whether to strengthen the credit analysis and credit risk management, can achieve the desired effects and other projects. On-site inspection found the follow-up question-site inspection, the Japanese banks in the on-site inspection and off-site inspection of new methods of surveillance outside,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the new methods of surveillance, both on-site and off-site inspection of the continuity and continuity of supervision, while also through the off-site supervision and site supervision to strengthen the effectiveness and role.
early warning system is in the off-site examination of banks by the statements of operations for a unified analysis and comparison to before the problem occurred it was found that the problem can make the monitoring , early prevention and draw attention to the banking system. It is the banks into four categories: First is now operating at normal banking; second potential problem banks; Third, there are problems in the bank; Fourth, banks have more serious problems. Between the two comprehensive on-site monitoring, early warning system by checking the bank's capital, asset quality, earnings and liquidity trends to determine the bank, with special attention to its adverse trends. If regulators found a bank not a big problem, you can reduce the frequency of site inspections; major problems are found, then get in touch with the bank at any time, pointing out the problem and further information.
Japan bank in order to prevent one-sided pursuit of profit banks liquidity neglect the production of sexual orientation, by monitoring changes in the money market, checking the daily cash position of state banks, should mention the size of existing capacity, as well as the activities of the bank money market and other factors to monitoring the liquidity of the banks assets.
all U.S. banks and bank holding companies must submit quarterly balance sheet, income statement and the relevant schedules and other financial and statistical information, which statements in accordance with the regulatory authorities have strict standards of reporting. To avoid duplication of reporting, and corresponding bank regulatory agencies to submit their counterparts in the financial statements. If the Department of National Bank submitted to the Comptroller of the Currency; Federal Reserve member banks to submit the district's Federal Reserve Bank. The financial supervision departments received a report of verification to ensure the accuracy of the data, then the report will be each be responsible for transportation to the Washington headquarters of the Federal Insurance Company, compiled into a report, this report is the Bank of unified management report (UBPR). The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation will send the report by the oversight bodies of the computer, mainly reflecting the bank's capital ratio management,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], debt ratio, revenue ratio and other financial ratios, and the situation of the national average of the corresponding types of data banks. Mainly rely on bank supervision departments to analyze this statement, the operation of banking supervision, timely risk monitoring, early warning systems, the implementation of off-site monitoring.
-site inspection of Japanese banks is mainly the bank's financial statements for analysis. Bank of Japan provides that, in its account of the bank must provide regular financial statements to reflect its business, financial, profit, assets and liabilities rate structure so on. Submit quarterly financial statements, a general, including balance sheet and profit and loss account. According to the report data bank, Bank of Japan, according to safety, liquidity and profitability, with a main monitor from the following aspects:
Bank of England's supervision of commercial bank liquidity is to take a measure of cash flow mechanism to liquidity gap as the main measure. Gap is a period of time a bank the difference between assets and liabilities, liquidity gap is the bank's assets and liabilities by term steps to measure, about 1 year maturity of assets and liabilities are divided into five time zones: one spot 8 days, the spot for a 1 month, 1-3 ,3-6 months, 6 months-12 months. The net position of each cumulative time zone to join the next time zone, end up with a total net value of the gap, and then compared with the value of total liabilities, liquidity gap can be drawn from the total rate.
Bank of England, according to their security and risk into the bank's capital adequacy ratio and target ratio of two types of trigger rate. Trigger rate means the Practice under the trigger rate is usually higher than the minimum capital ratio of 8% higher, up to 50%. Trigger the development of the ratio of bank lending is mainly concentrated. Target ratio is fully committed to prevent accidental triggering ratio capital ratio. Target ratio is determined to set the trigger rate, usually at least 1% higher than the trigger ratio.

With the constant deepening of China's financial reform and the strengthening of financial supervision, in order to meet new situation, by taking off-site inspection of the way from a broader, more comprehensive and more scientific point of view of supervision over financial institutions, the right knowledge to their risk profile, risk assessment and prediction of trends and other risks is of great significance.

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