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Geography is sometimes confused with cartography,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], which deals with maps. But geographers look beyond the cartographer's two-dimensional world,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], to study the various aspects of the Earth and human interaction,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and how one affects the other.
Technology has helped geography make numerous advances. Remote sensing—measuring information on the Earth from a distance—and Geographic Information Systems (known as GIS) have helped humans increase their knowledge of the Earth in ways that were unimaginable when Eratosthenes first said the word “geography.”
Although geography is a very broad science covering many specialized fields,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], it is essentially a study of the Earth and its various features and inhabitants. The word “geography” is of Greek origin,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], literally meaning “to describe the Earth,” and is believed to have been first coined by Eratosthenes,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], an ancient Greek scholar who lived during the third century BC.
Today,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], geography's goals include gaining an understanding of the Earth and its natural and manmade intricacies. As a result, geography is roughly divided into two areas of study,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], physical geography and human geography. Physical geography concerns itself with the physical aspects of the Earth,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], including the atmosphere,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], plant and animal life patterns, the hydrosphere and more. Human geography studies how human interactions have been shaped by the Earth's numerous envirnoments, including a look at politics, economics and culture.
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