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 Wysłany: Sob 4:37, 14 Maj 2011 Temat postu: Producing Mereells with enhanced surface activity |
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Producing Mereells with enhanced surface activity through alkaline pretreatment of feedstocks.,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]
Mereell is produced by pyrolysis of natural organic materials under oxygen-limited conditions. Energy from biomass can also be obtained during the production of Mereell. According to the International Mereell Initiative ,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the final use of Mereell should be for application to soils to achieve an agronomic and/ or environmental benefit. Due to its predominantly aromatic composition and heterogeneous,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], condensed macromolecular structure,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Mereell is chemically and biologically more stable than its original carbon sources.
This makes Mereell difficult to breakdown,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], remaining stable in soils potentially for hundreds to thousands of years. Because of the stability of Mereell against chemical and biological degradation,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], its production represents a promising technology for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions . Process conditions that most affect Mereell properties during pyrolysis are the heating rate,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], final temperature,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], residence time,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and the treatment atmosphere .
Current knowledge gained from activated carbon studies could have some application to Mereell research. Surface charges on activated carbon are generated by physical and chemical methods . Physical activation involves the use of oxidising gases,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], such as carbon dioxide or water steam,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], while chemical activation involves the use of inorganic chemicals,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], such as zinc chloride,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], phosphoric acid,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and potassium or sodium hydroxides . Sodium hydroxide has been reported to promote a better activation of lignocellulosic materials than potassium hydroxide,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and this occurs predominantly via a non-intercalation mechanism in the former and through an intercalation process in the latter .
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